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Volcano
A vent or opening in
the earth's crust through which magma (molten rock), associated gases and ash erupt and/or
the hill, mountain or structure, usually conical, produced by the accumulation of the
ejected material. Volcanoes occur mainly near plate tectonic boundaries and are especially
common around the Pacific basin, called the Pacific Ring of Fire.
Volcanic eruptions may be
violent, even catastrophic, or relatively mild. The most explosive eruptions are
essentially blasts of steam that create spectacular displays. Humanity has long been awed
by this powerful force of nature.
The Romans
attributed volcanic events to Vulcan, the god of fire and metalworking.
In A.D. 79 the eruption of Mount Vesuvius destroyed the Roman cities of Pompeii and
Herculaneum. Polynesians believe volcanoes to be ruled by the fire goddess Pele.
One of the most
spectacular volcanic eruptions in recorded history occurred in 1883 with the explosion of
Krakatoa, an island in the Sunda Strait near Java. A more recent example is the dramatic
1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens in the Cascade Range in Washington State. Quieter
fissure eruptions occur when molten rock pushes through long cracks in the Earth's crust
and floods the surrounding landscape. Such repeated outpourings of lava can fill
surrounding valleys and bury low hills, creating thick lava sequences that eventually
become plateaus.
Related videos:
Great TV News
Stories 1 - Volcano! The Eruption of Mt. St. Helens.
In the Shadow of
Vesuvius.
National Geographic Series - In the Shadow of Vesuvius.
National Geographic Series - Volcano!
National
Geographic's Volcano: Nature's Inferno.
Nova - In the
Path of a Killer Volcano.
Secrets of the
Unknown: Volcanos.
Volcano.
World's Most
Dangerous Volcanoes.
Related
books.
Further info:
Hawaiian Volcano
Observatory.
Krakatau, Sundra Strait.
Krakatau Volcanic
Island.
Krakatoa
Island.
Mayon Volcano, Philippines.
Volcanoes.
Volcanoes of
the World.
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